References | Axolotl Central

Information About Axolotls

This is catalogue of reference articles, open source studies, and publishings that focus on everything relating to Ambystoma mexicanum.

Axolotls have a very long, complex, and fascinating role in science, culture, environmentally, and within the global pet trade. These impactful animals have made a splash in various aspect of scientific research, primarily for their regenerative capabilities, but their unusual appearance has also captured the interest of millions of aquarium keepers worldwide for centuries!

History and Reviews

Cut and Paste: The Mexican Axolotl, Experimental Practices and the Long History of Regeneration Research in Amphibians, 1864-Present

Christian Reiß. 2022

The Axolotl in Global Circuits of Knowledge Production: Producing Multispecies Potentiality

Emily Wanderer. 2018

The Axolotl Model for Cancer Research: A Mini-review

Sherif Suleiman, Pierre Schembri-Wismayer, Jean Calleja-Agius. 2019

The Axolotl Model for Regeneration and Aging Research: A Mini-Review

Catherine McCusker & David M. Gardiner. 2010

The Axolotl as Food and Symbol in the Basin of Mexico, from 1200 BC to Today

Carolyn E. Tate. 2009

The History of the Oldest Self-Sustaining Laboratory Animal: 150 Years of Axolotl Research

Christian Reiß, Lennart Olsson, Uwe Hoßfeld. 2015

Genomics and Epigenomics of Axolotl Regeneration

Cyntia Sámano, Rodrigo González-Barrios, Mariana Castro-Azpíroz, Daniela Torres-García, José A. Ocampo-Cervantes, Jimena Otero-Negrete, Ernesto Soto-Reyes. 2021

The Amazing and Anomalous Axolotls as Scientific Models

Carly J. Adamson, Nikolas Morrison-Welch, Crystal D. Rogers. 2022

Toward Whole Tissue Imaging of Axolotl Regeneration

Wouter Masselink & Elly M. Tanaka. 2020

A Tale of Two Axolotls

S. Randal Voss, M. Ryan Woodcock, Luis Zambrano. 2015

The Axolotl's Journey to the Modern Molecular Era

Karen Echevarri, Jifeng Fei, Elly M Tanaka. 2023

Axolotl: A Resourceful Vertebrate Model for Regeneration and Beyond

Aydın Bölük, Mervenur Yavuz, Turan Demircan. 2022

Natural History, Ecology, and Evolution of the Mexican "Axolotls"

H. Bradley Shaffer. 1989

Habitat and Environment

Movement Ecology of Captive-bred Axolotls in Restored and Artificial Wetlands: Conservation Insights for Amphibian Reintroductions and Translocations

Alejandra G. Ramos, Horacio Mena, David Schneider, Luis Zambrano. 2025

Persisting at the Edge of Ecological Collapse: The Impact of Urbanization on Fish and Amphibian Communities From Lake Xochimilco

Alejandro Maeda-Obregon, Elizabeth L. Clare, Luis Zambrano, Omar Domínguez-Domínguez, Gavin J. Horsbrough, Paul Parsons, Deborah A. Dawson, Benjamin Tapley, Christopher J. Michaels, Víctor H. Reynoso, Jeffrey W. Streicher, David J. Murrell, Julia J. Day. 2025

A Connectivity Analysis to Find Areas for Habitat Restoration of the Axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) in its Natural Habitat

Tania Fernández, Enrique Martínez-Meyer & Luis Zambrano. 2025

The Mexican Axolotl's (Ambystoma mexicanum) Early Development and Survival is Affected by Commercial Grade Malathion and Dichlorvos Organophosphorus Pesticides

Yutzil Castan, Sandra Fabiola Arias-Balderas, Ernesto Rojo-Salinas, Edgar Cervantes-Rangel. 2020

Compendium of Axolotl Husbandry Methods

Wonsun Kim, Cheryl A. Nugas, Anne Hennig, Karen Crawford, Peggy Egar, Linda Muske, R. Glenn Northcutt, Linda Barlow, M. Moody, G. Thibaudeau, Carl Schneider, Timothy Stabler, Katia Del Rio Tsonis, & Brent Mundy. 1997

The Mexican Axolotl as a Pet and a Laboratory Animal

Natalie K Bjorklund and Susan T Duhon. 1996

A Lacustrine Cultural Landscape in the Prehispanic Basin of Mexico

Alexandra Biar. 2020

Water Quality Explained: How It Can Affect Your Axolotl's Health

R. Loh. 2015

A Comparing Vision of the Lakes of the Basin of Mexico: From the First Physicochemical Evaluation of Alexander von Humboldt to the Current Condition

Eugenia Lopez-Lopez, Volker Heck, Jacinto Elias Sedeno-Diaz, Martin Groger, Alexis J Rodriguez-Romero. 2023

Alkalinity and Hardness: Critical but Elusive Concepts in Aquaculture

Claude E. Boyd, Craig S. Tucker, Banjaporn Somridhivej. 2016

Critical Conservation Gaps for Microendemic Axolotls Reveal Inadequate Protection in Central Mexico

Briggite I. Araiza-Alvarado, Alberto González-Zamora, Héctor A. Castro-Bastidas, Julián A. Velasco, David R. Aguillón-Gutiérrez. 2026

Maintenance Media for the Axolotl Ambystoma mexicanum Juveniles (Amphibia: Caudata)

Cecilia Robles Mendoza, Claudia Elizabeth Garcia Basilio, Ruth Cecilia Vanegas Perez. 2009

Holocene Life and Microbiome Profiling in Ancient Tropical Lake Chalco, Mexico

Bárbara Moguel, Liseth Pérez, Luis D Alcaraz, Jazmín Blaz, Margarita Caballero, Israel Muñoz-Velasco, Arturo Becerra, Juan P Laclette, Beatriz Ortega-Guerrero, Claudia S Romero-Oliva, Luis Herrera-Estrella, Socorro Lozano-García. 2021

The Effect of Temperature Manipulation on the Growth of Axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum)

Naufal Izzudin Afnan, Abd. Rahem Faqih, Muhammad Dailami. 2025

Effect of Water Quality on the Feeding Ecology of Axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum)

Diego de Jesus Chaparro-Herrera, Sarma Nandini, S. Sarma. 2013

Effect of Salinity on Embryonic Axolotl Development

Kristen Meiler. 2016

The Conservation of the Axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) in Xochimilco, Mexico City: A Species-habitat Action Plan

Richard A. Griffiths, Ian G. Bride, Alejandro Meléndez, Jorge G. Álvarez-Romero, Fernando Arana, Inés Arroyo, Hesiquio Benítez, Kevin Buley, Eduardo Bustamante, Diego Chaparro, Juan Manuel Chávez, Ana Victoria Contreras, Miguel Díaz, Fernando Gual, Rocío Ibáñez, Alicia Leyaz, Alma Itzel Marín, Sandra Martínez, Jeanne McKay, Ernesto Millán, Elizabeth Mistry, Alejandro Molina, Octavio Morales, Paola Mosig, Jacqueline Núñez, Carlos Olivera, Yazmin Ortiz, Ramón Pérez-Gil, Patricia Ramos, Josefina Reséndiz, Omar Reyes, Manuel Rivas, Ana Patricia Romero, Irma Rosas, Gabriel Sandoval, Nandini Sarina, Erika Servín, Elena Sherezada, Alejandra Solzoor, Amanda Steck, Erwin Stephan-Otto, Elsa Valiente, Cecilia Vanegas, Roger Wilkinson. 2004

Experiences With the Management and Breeding of Mexican axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum), for Research and Biobanking Purposes, in a Vivarium

Erika Servín, Alicia Alcantar-Rodriguez, Alfredo Medrano. 2025

NSAID-mediated Cyclooxygenase Inhibition Disrupts Ectodermal Derivative Formation in Axolotl Embryos

Emma J. Marshall, Raneesh Ramarapu, Tess A. Leathers, Nikolas Morrison-Welch, Kathryn Sandberg, Maxim Kawashima, Crystal D. Rogers. 2025

Behavior and Reproduction

Size Discrimination in the Mexican Axolotl: Evidence for Quantitative Abilities in an Understudied Amphibian

Oxána Bánszegi, Marcos Rosetti, Santiago Trujillo Carreño, Natalia Serrano Torres, Jessica Cristina Marín-Llera, Jesús Chimal-Monroy, Péter Szenczi. 2026

Embryo Development in Mexican Axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum): A Stage Morphological Study

Fernando García-González, Erika Servín, Alma Lilia Álvarez-Guerrero, Alicia Alcantar-Rodríguez, Alfredo Medrano. 2025

Axolotls Retain Fertility Throughout Lifespan

Yuliia Haluza, Beate Gruhl, Anja Wagner, Thomas Kurth, Elly M. Tanaka & Maximina H. Yun. 2026

Quantitative and Qualitative Behavioral Measurements to Asses Pain in Axolotls (Ambystoma mexicanum)

Jeremy T. Llaniguez, Morgan A. Szczepaniak, Barry H. Rickman, Juri G. Gelovani, Gerald A. Hish, Tara M. Cotroneo. 2020

The Impact of Size and Ontogeny on Suction Feeding Kinematics in the Axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum)

Isabelle Toussaint-Larde, Viven Louppe, Frida Sanchez-Garrido, Morgane Taillades, Ryadh Amine, Eglantine Heude, Anthony Herrel, Anne-Clarie Fabre. 2025

Discrimination of Conspecific Sex and Reproductive Condition Using Chemical Cues in Axolotls

D. Park, J. M. McGuire, A. L. Majchrzak, J. M. Ziobro, H. L. Eisthen. 2004

What We Know About Urodele (Especially Axolotl) Early Development: A Review of Gamete Formation and Fertilization

David L. Stocum, Holly L. D. Nye, Jo Ann Cameron, Ellen Chernoff. 2003

The Adrenal Stress Response Involves Distinct Dynamics of Both Cortisol and Corticosterone in the Axolotl Salamander

Anita Dittrich, Sofie Amalie Andersson, Emil A. B. Winkel, Aaron Savage, Steven J. Blair, Kelly E. Dooling, Alexandra C. Wagner, Jessica L. Whited, Catherine J. A. Williams & Henrik Lauridsen. 2026

Feeding Behaviour of Larval Ambystoma mexicanum

Diego de Jesus Chaparro-Herrera, S. Nandini, S. Sarma, Luis Zambrano. 2011

Testing the Impact of Prey Presentation Method on the Feeding Kinematics of Terrestrial and Aquatic Ambystomatidae

Isabelle Toussaint-Lardé, Vivien Louppe, Morgane Fournier, Julien Clavel, Anthony Herrel, Anne-Claire Fabre. 2025

Sex Hormones in the Axolotl, Ambystoma mexicanum: Potential Method for Sex Determination

Isabel A. Veith & Chester R. Figiel, Jr. 2022

Gonadal Development in Larvae of the Paedomorphic Ambystoma mexicanum (Amphibia: Urodela)

Jessica Lucía Sánchez-Ortiz, Eva Mendoza-Cruz, Maricela Villagrán-SantaCruz. 2026

Food Web Overlap Among Native Axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) and Two Exotic Fishes: Carp (Cyprinus carpio) and Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in Xochimilco, Mexico City

Luis Zambrano, Elsa Valiente, M. Jake Vander Zanden. 2010

New Findings in the Searching of an Optimal Diet for the Axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum): Protein Levels

Manjarrez-Alcívar, Itzel. Vega-Villasante, Fernando. Montoya-Martínez, Cynthia E. López-Félix, Erick F. Badillo-Zapata, Daniel. Martínez-Cárdenas, Leonardo. 2022

The Kinematics of Voluntary Steady Swimming of Hatchling and Adult Axolotls (Ambystoma Mexicanum Shaw, 1789)

Kristiaan D'Août, Peter Aerts. 1999

Neoteny and Metamorphosis

Experimentally Induced Metamorphosis in Axolotl Under Constant Diet Restructures Microbiota Accompanied by Reduced Limb Regenerative Capacity

Turan Demircan, Guvanch Ovezmyradov, Berna Yıldırım, İlknur Keskin, Ayşe Elif İlhan, Ece Cana Fesçioğlu, Gürkan Öztürk & Süleyman Yıldırım. 2018

Neoteny and Evolutionary Strategy: Reconsidering Developmental Arrest in the Axolotl and the Olm

Martine Mussies. 2026

Are Paedomorphs Actual Larvae?

Alicia Tribondeau, Laurent M. Sachs, Nicolas Buisine. 2021

Experimentally Induced Metamorphosis in Axolotls Reduces Regenerative Rate and Fidelity

James R. Monaghan, Adrian C. Stier, François Michonneau, Matthew D. Smith, Bret Pasch, Malcolm Maden, Ashley W. Seifert. 2014

Candidate Gene Analysis of Thyroid Hormone Receptors in Metamorphosing vs. Nonmetamorphosing Salamanders

S Randal Voss, H Bradley Shaffer, Jessica Taylor, Rachid Safi & Vincent Laudet. 2000

The Role of Thyroid Hormone in Zebrafish and Axolotl Development

Donald D. Brown. 1997

A Spatial Transcriptomics Comparison of the Adult Versus Metamorphosed Axolotl Brain

Shuai Wang, Sulei Fu, Xiawei Liu, Yan-Yun Zeng, Lianrui Zhang, Nannan Zhang, Xi Dai, Hanbo Li, Ying Gu, Xiaoyu Wei, Ji-Feng Fei & Yang Liu. 2026

Adaptive Evolution via a Major Gene Effect: Paedomorphosis in the Mexican Axolotl

S. Randal Voss, H. Bradley Shaffer. 1997

Paedomorphic Salamanders are Larval in Form and Patterns of Limb Emergence Inform Life Cycle Evolution

Ronald M. Bonett, Nicholus M. Ledbetter. 2022

Effect of Thyroid Hormone Concentration on the Transcriptional Response Underlying Induced Metamorphosis in the Mexican Axolotl (Ambystoma)

Robert B Page, Stephen R Voss, Amy K Samuels, Jeramiah J Smith, Srikrishna Putta & Christopher K Beachy. 2008

Thyroid Hormone Receptors and Iodothyronine Deiodinases in the Developing Mexican Axolotl, Ambystoma mexicanum

Valerie Anne Galton. 1991

Iodine and Amphibian Metamorphosis

W. W. Swingle. 1923

Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton During Metamorphosis in the Axolotl Salamander (Ambystoma mexicanum)

Parvathy Thampi, Jinpeng Liu, Zheng Zeng, James N. MacLeod. 2018

The Tale-Tell Heart: Evolutionary Tetrapod Shift From Aquatic to Terrestrial Life-style Reflected in Heart Changes in Axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum)

Veronika Olejnickova, Hana Kolesova, Martin Bartos, David Sedmera, Martina Gregorovicova. 2021

Microarray Analysis of a Salamander Hopeful Monster Reveals Transcriptional Signatures of Paedomorphic Brain Development

Robert B Page, Meredith A Boley, Jeramiah J Smith, Srikrishna Putta & Stephen R Voss. 2010

The Effect of Iodine and Iodothyrin on the Larvae of Salamanders. The Role of the Iodine in the Specific Action of the Thyroid Hormone as Tested in the Metamorphosis of the Axolotl Larvae.

E. Unlenhuth. 1921

The Influence of the Thyroid Gland and Hypophysis Upon Growth and Development of Amphibian Larvae

Bennet M. Allen. 1929

Pigmentation and Organ Systems

Histomorphological Characterization of Major Tissues and Organ Systems in Neotenic Ambystoma mexicanum

Juliana Zapata-Cardona, Ana María Lopez-Carvallo, Belfran Carbonell-Medina. 2026

Xanthophores in Chromatophore Groups of the Premigratory Neural Crest Initiate the Pigment Pattern of the Axolotl Larva

Hans Henning Epperlein, Jan Lofberg. 1984

Pigmentation Loss and Regeneration in a Captive Wild-type
Axolotl, Ambystoma mexicanum

James Barnett. 2011

Better Than Fish on Land? Hearing Across Metamorphosis in Salamanders

Christian Bech Christensen, Henrik Lauridsen, Jakob Christensen-Dalsgaard, Michael Pedersen, Peter Teglberg Madsen. 2015

Ambystomatid Salamanders can see Ultraviolet (UV) Light: Evidence for UV Photo-Receptors in the Eyes of Axolotls

Mark E. Deutschlander, J. B. Phillips. 1996

Number and Distribution of Leydig cells (LC) in the Epidermis of the Growing Axolotl, Ambystoma mexicanum (Amphibia: Urodela)

Sonja Gerling, Jochen D'Haese, Hartmut Greven. 2011

Fine Structure of the Epidermal Leydig Cells in the Axolotl Ambystoma mexicanum in Relation to Their Function

Mohinder S. Jarial. 1989

The Pigmentary System of Developing Axolotls

S. K. Frost, L. G. Epp, S. J. Robinson. 1984

Histological Observation of the External Gills of a Mexican Axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) with Atypical Blood Vessels

Saki Yoshida, Kazuyuki Mekada. 2019

The Axolotl Kidney: A Novel Model to Study Kidney Regeneration

Liting Chen, Jing Li, Yanping Ou, Meixia Kang, Juan Deng, Youliang Wang, Shiting Liang, Xizhen Hong, Siqiao Gong, Ji-Feng Fei, Fan Fan Hou, Fujian Zhang. 2023

Hearing Sensitivity and the Effect of Sound Exposure on the Axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum)

Fehrenbach, Amy K. 2015

Revealing the Biological Features of the Axolotl Pancreas as a new Research Model

Hui Ma, Guangcong Peng, Yan Hu, Binbin Lu, Yiying Zheng, Yingxian Wu, Weimin Feng, Yu Shi, Xiangyu Pan, Li Song, Ina Stützer, Yanmei Liu, Jifeng Fei. 2025

The Lateral Line System of the Axolotl

R. Glenn Northcutt. 1990

Histological, Histochemical, and Morphometric Analysis of Epidermal Leydig Cells and Histochemical Characterization of Epidermal Apical Cells in Juvenile and Adult Axolotls (Ambystoma mexicanum)

Omar Betancourt-León, Verónica Rodríguez-Mata, Antonieta Martínez-Guerrero, Armando Pérez-Torres. 2025

Variation Under Domestication in Animal Models: the Case of the Mexican Axolotl

María Torres-Sánchez. 2020

Postembryonic Development and Aging of the Appendicular Skeleton in Ambystoma mexicanum

Camilo Riquelme-Guzmán, Maritta Schuez, Alexander Böhm, Dunja Knapp, Sandra Edwards-Jorquera, Alberto S. Ceccarelli, Osvaldo Chara, Martina Rauner, Tatiana Sandoval-Guzmán. 2021

Exploring Larval Axolotl Brain Development: Insights Into Developmental and Functional Constraints

Laurent Houle, Olivier Larouche, Richard Cloutier. 2026

What The Salamander Eye Has Been Telling The Vision Scientist's Brain

Fernando Rozenblit, Tim Gollisch. 2020

Plasticity for Axolotl Lens Regeneration is Associated With Age-related Changes in Gene Expression

Konstantinos Sousounis, Antony T. Athippozhy, S. Randal Voss, Panagiotis A. Tsonis. 2014

Electroreceptors and Mechanosensory Lateral Line Organs Arise From Single Placodes in Axolotls

R. Glenn Northcutt, K. Brandle, Bernd Fritzsch. 1995

Host Species and Environment Shape the Skin Microbiota of Mexican Axolotls

Enrique Soto-Cortés, Montserrat Marroquín-Rodríguez, Maria Delia Basanta, Yurixhi Maldonado-López, Gabriela Parra-Olea & Eria A. Rebollar. 2024

Genetics and Immune Function

The Use of Transgenics in the Laboratory Axolotl

Lydia Tilley, Sofia-Christina Papadopoulos, Marko Pende, Ji-Feng Fei, Prayag Murawala. 2021

Large-scale Variation in Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Density Within the Laboratory Axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum)

Nataliya Timoshevskaya, S. Randal Voss, Caitlin N. Labianca, Cassity R. High, Jeramiah J. Smith. 2020

Tyrp1 is the Mendelian Determinant of the Axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) Copper Mutant

Raissa F. Cecil, Lloyd Strohl, Maddie K. Thomas, James L. Schwartz, Nataliya Timoshevskaya, Jeramiah J. Smith & S. Randal Voss. 2024

Construction of the Axolotl Cell Landscape Using Combinatorial Hybridization Sequencing at Single-cell Resolution

Fang Ye, Guodong Zhang, Weigao E., Haide Chen, Chengxuan Yu, Lei Yang, Yuting Fu, Jiaqi Li, Sulei Fu, Zhongyi Sun, Lijiang Fei, Qile Guo, Jingjing Wang, Yanyu Xiao, Xinru Wang, Peijing Zhang, Lifeng Ma, Dapeng Ge, Suhong Xu, Juan Caballero-Pérez, Alfredo Cruz-Ramírez, Yincong Zhou, Ming Chen, Ji-Feng Fei, Xiaoping Han & Guoji Guo. 2022

The Axolotl Genome and the Evolution of Key Tissue Formation Regulators

Sergej Nowoshilow, Siegfried Schloissnig, Ji-Feng Fei, Andreas Dahl, Andy W. C. Pang, Martin Pippel, Sylke Winkler, Alex R. Hastie, George Young, Juliana G. Roscito, Francisco Falcon, Dunja Knapp, Sean Powell, Alfredo Cruz, Han Cao, Bianca Habermann, Michael Hiller, Elly M. Tanaka & Eugene W. Myers. 2018

Gene Expression Proﬁle of the Regeneration Epithelium During Axolotl Limb Regeneration

Leah J. Campbell, Edna C. Suarez-Castillo, Humberto Ortiz-Zuazaga, Dunja Knapp, Elly M. Tanaka, Craig M. Crews. 2011

A Chromatin Code for Limb Segment Identity in Axolotl Limb Regeneration

Akane Kawaguchi, Jingkui Wang, Dunja Knapp, Prayag Murawala, Sergej Nowoshilow, Wouter Masselink, Yuka Taniguchi-Sugiura, Ji-Feng Fei, Elly M. Tanaka. 2024

Subfunctionalization and Constrained Size of the Immunoglobulin loci in Ambystoma mexicanum

J Martinez-Barnetche, EE Godoy-Lozano, S Saint Remy-Hernández, DL Pacheco-Olvera, J Téllez-Sosa, H Valdovinos-Torres, R Pastelin-Palacios, H Mena-González, L Zambrano-Gonzalez, C López-Macías. 2022

The Salamander Immune System: Right and Wrong

Jim Kaufman, Heiner Volk. 1994

Generation of Transgenic Axolotls (Ambystoma mexicanum)

Shahryar Khattak, Tobias Richter, Elly M Tanaka. 2009

Leukocyte Tyrosine Kinase (Ltk) Is the Mendelian Determinant of the Axolotl Melanoid Color Variant

Mirindi Kabangu, Raissa Cecil, Lloyd Strohl II, Nataliya Timoshevskaya, Jeramiah J. Smith, Stephen R. Voss. 2023

The rax Homeobox Gene is Mutated in the eyeless Axolotl, Ambystoma mexicanum

Erik S. Davis, Gareth Voss, Joel B. Miesfeld, Juan Zarate-Sanchez, S. Randal Voss, Tom Glaser. 2020

Live Imaging of Axolotl Digit Regeneration Reveals Spatiotemporal Choreography of Diverse Connective Tissue Progenitor Pools

Joshua D Currie, Akane Kawaguchi, Ricardo Moreno Traspas, Maritta Schuez, Osvaldo Chara, Elly M. Tanaka. 2016

Integrative Analysis of Axolotl Gene Expression Data from Regenerative and Wound Healing Limb Tissues

Mustafa Sibai, Cüneyd Parlayan, Pelin Tuğlu, Gürkan Öztürk & Turan Demircan. 2019

Retrotransposon Expression Is Upregulated in Adulthood and Suppressed During Regeneration of the Limb in the Axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum)

Samuel Ruiz-Pérez, Nicolás Alcaraz, Karla Torres-Arciga, José Antonio Ocampo-Cervantes, Alejandra Cervera, Clementina Castro-Hernández, Cynthia Gabriela Sámano-Salazar, Ernesto Soto-Reyes, Rodrigo González-Barrios. 2025

Genomic Characterization of the T-cell Receptor loci in Ambystoma mexicanum

Diana L. Pacheco-Olvera, Stephanie Saint Remy-Hernández, E. Ernestina Godoy-Lozano, Juan Téllez-Sosa, Humberto Valdovinos-Torres, Everado Curiel-Quesada, Constantino López-Macías, Jesus Martínez-Barnetche. 2025

Compact Genomic Architecture of the Axolotl MHC Region: Setting the Record Straight

Magdalena Migalska, Krzysztof Fluder, Katarzyna Dudek & Wiesław Babik. 2025

Genome-Wide Analysis of an Endangered Axolotl Endemic to Mexico Reveals Genomic Variation Associated with Body Condition, Environment, and Infection by a Pathogenic Fungus

Enrique Soto-Cortés, M Delia Basanta, Víctor Ávila-Akerberg, Gabriela Castellanos-Morales, Luis E Eguiarte, Jaime Gasca-Pineda, Tanya M González Martínez, Eria A Rebollar. 2026

Inducible Genetic System for the Axolotl

Jessica L. Whited, Jessica A. Lehoczky, and Clifford J. Tabin. 2012

Identification of Mutant Genes and Introgressed Tiger Salamander DNA in the Laboratory Axolotl, Ambystoma mexicanum

M. Ryan Woodcock, Jennifer Vaughn-Wolfe, Alexandra Elias, D. Kevin Kump, Katharina Denise Kendall, Nataliya Timoshevskaya, Vladimir Timoshevskiy, Dustin W. Perry, Jeramiah J. Smith, Jessica E. Spiewak, David M. Parichy & S. Randal Voss. 2017

Transcriptional Landscapes of Axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum)

Juan Caballero-Pérez, Annie Espinal-Centeno, Francisco Falcon, Luis F. García-Ortega, Everardo Curiel-Quesada, Andrés Cruz-Hernández, Laszlo Bako, Xuemei Chen, Octavio Martínez, Mario Alberto Arteaga-Vázquez, Luis Herrera-Estrella, Alfredo Cruz-Ramírez. 2018

A Tissue-Mapped Axolotl De Novo Transcriptome Enables Identification of Limb Regeneration Factors

Donald M. Bryant, Kimberly Johnson, Tia DiTommaso, Timothy Tickle, Matthew Brian Couger, Duygu Payzin-Dogru, Tae J. Lee, Nicholas D. Leigh, Tzu-Hsing Kuo, Francis G. Davis, Joel Bateman, Sevara Bryant, Anna R. Guzikowski, Stephanie L. Tsai, Steven Coyne, William W. Ye, Robert M. Freeman Jr., Leonid Peshkin, Clifford J. Tabin, Aviv Regev, Brian J. Haas, Jessica L. Whited. 2017

Efficient Gene Knockin in Axolotl and its use to Test the Role of Satellite Cells in Limb Regeneration

Ji-Feng Fei, Maritta Schuez, Dunja Knapp, Yuka Taniguchi, David N Drechsel, Elly M Tanaka. 2017

Retrotransposon Long Interspersed Nucleotide Element-1 (LINE-1) is Activated During Salamander Limb Regeneration

Wei Zhu, Dwight Kuo, Jason Nathanson, Akira Satoh, Gerald M. Pao, Gene W. Yeo, Susan V. Bryant, S. Randal Voss, David M. Gardiner, Tony Hunter. 2012

An Update on the Characterization of Immunoglobulin loci in Ambystoma mexicanum

Stephanie Saint Remy-Hernández, Diana Laura Pacheco-Olvera, Elizabeth Ernestina Godoy-Lozano, Juan Miguel-Ruiz, Juan Téllez-Sosa, Humberto Valdovinos-Torres, Nancy Rivas, Constantino López-Macías, Jesús Martínez-Barnetche. 2026

Axolotl MHC Architecture and Polymorphism

Benedicte Sammut, Louis Du Pasquier, Patrick Ducoroy, Veronique Laurens, Anne Marcuz, Annick Tournefier. 1999

Regeneration

Revisiting the Relationship Between Regenerative Ability and Aging

Ashley W Seifert, S Randal Voss. 2013

The Molecular and Cellular Choreography of Appendage Regeneration

Elly M. Tanaka. 2016

A Germline GFP Transgenic Axolotl and Its Use to Track Cell Fate: Dual Origin of the Fin Mesenchyme During Development and the Fate of Blood Cells During Regeneration

Lidia Sobkow, Hans-Henning Epperlein, Stephan Herklotz, Werner L. Straube, Elly M. Tanaka. 2006

Cooperative Regulation of Substrate Stiffness and Extracellular Matrix Proteins in Skin Wound Healing of Axolotls

Ting-Yu Huang, Cheng-Han Wu, Mu-Hui Wang, Bo-Sung Chen, Ling-Ling Chiou, Hsuan-Shu Lee. 2015

Is Salamander Limb Regeneration Really Perfect? Anatomical and Morphogenetic Analysis of Forelimb Muscle Regeneration in GFP-Transgenic Axolotls as a Basis for Regenerative Developmental, and Evolutionary Studies

R. Diogo, E. Nacu, E.M Tanaka. 2014

Functional and Structural Regeneration in the Axolotl Heart (Ambystoma mexicanum) After Partial Ventricular Amputation

Agustina Cano–Martínez, Alvaro Vargas–González, Verónica Guarner–Lans, Esteban Prado–Zayago, Martha León–Olea, Betzabé Nieto–Lima. 2010

Ependymoglial Cells are Critical for Cortex Regeneration in Axolotls

Sulei Fu, Yan-Yun Zeng, Cheng Peng, Liqun Wang, Yuxian Feng, Kun Wang, Yanmei Liu & Ji-Feng Fei. 2026

Molecular Basis of Positional Memory in Limb Regeneration

L. Otsuki, S. A. Plattner, Y. Taniguchi-Sugiura, F. Falcon & E. M. Tanaka. 2025

Temporal Microbiome Changes in Axolotl Limb Regeneration: Stage-specific Restructuring of Bacterial and Fungal Communities With a Flavobacterium Bloom During Blastema Proliferation

Hanne Altın, Büşra Delice, Berna Yıldırım, Turan Demircan & Süleyman Yıldırım. 2024

The Essential Role of Connective-tissue Cells During Axolotl Limb Regeneration

Damián García-García, Dunja Knapp, Minjoo Kim, Katelyn Jamwal, Heath Fuqua, Ryan P. Seaman, Riley E. Grindle, Sergej Nowoshilow, Maria Novatchkova, Fred W. Kolling, Joel H. Graber, Prayag Murawala. 2025

Adrenergic Signaling Coordinates Distant and Local Responses to Amputation in Axolotl

Duygu Payzin-Dogru, Tim Froitzheim, Steven J. Blair, Isaac M. Chiu, Timothy B. Sackton, Jessica L. Whited. 2025

A Comparative Perspective on Lung and Gill Regeneration

Laura Cadiz, Michael G. Jonz. 2020

Probability of Regenerating A Normal Limb After A Bite Injury in the Mexican Axolotl

Sierra Thompson, Laura Muzinic, Christopher Muzinic, Matthew L. Niemiller, S. Randal Voss. 2014

Skin Regeneration in Adult Axolotls: A Blueprint for Scar-Free Healing in Vertebrates

Ashley W. Seifert, James R. Monaghan, S. Randal Voss, Malcolm Maden. 2012

Comparative Analysis of Dorsal and Tail Skin Reveals Region-dependent Heterogeneity in Axolotl Skin Regeneration

Lieke Yang, Qian Chen, Jinman Li, Yan Hu, Yaoxin Liu, Binbin Lu, Shuaibin Pei, Tingyi Huang, Yanmei Liu, Ji-Feng Fei. 2025

Anatomy of the Pectoral and Forelimb Muscles of Wildtype and Green Fluorescent Protein-transgenic Axolotls and Comparison With Other Tetrapods Including Humans: A Basis for Regenerative, Evolutionary and Developmental Studies

R. Diogo, E. M. Tanaka. 2012

Metabolic Changes During Cardiac Regeneration in the Axolotl

Anita Dittrich, Sofie Amalie Andersson, Morten Busk, Kasper Hansen, Casper Bindzus Foldager, Johan Palmfeldt, Asger Andersen, Michael Pedersen, Mikkel Vendelbo, Kirstine Lykke Nielsen, Henrik Lauridsen. 2025

The Axolotl Limb Blastema: Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms Driving Blastema Formation and Limb Regeneration in Tetrapods

Catherine McCusker, Susan V. Bryant, David M. Gardiner. 2015

Retinoic Acid Breakdown is Required for Proximodistal Positional Identity During Axolotl Limb Regeneration

Timothy J. Duerr, Melissa Miller, Sage Kumar, Dareen Bakr, Jackson R. Griffiths, Aditya K. Gautham, Danielle Douglas, S. Randal Voss & James R. Monaghan. 2025

Comparative Transcriptomics of Limb Regeneration: Identification of Conserved Expression Changes Among Three Species of Ambystoma

Varun B. Dwaraka, Jeramiah J. Smith, M. Ryan Woodcock, S. Randal Voss. 2019

Dorsoventral-mediated Shh Induction is Required for Axolotl Limb Regeneration

Sakiya Yamamoto, Saya Furukawa, Ayaka Ohashi, Mayuko Hamada, Akira Satoh. 2025

Neuronal Activation in the Axolotl Brain Promotes Tail Regeneration

SE Walker, K. Yu, S. Burgess & K. Echeverri. 2025

Germline Transgenic Methods for Tracking Cells and Testing Gene Function During Regeneration in the Axolotl

Shahryar Khattak, Maritta Schuez, Tobias Richter, Annett Duemmler, Ryan Kerney, Elly M. Tanaka. 2013

Identification of Regenerative Roadblocks via Repeat Deployment of Limb Regeneration in Axolotls

Donald M. Bryant, Konstantinos Sousounis, Duygu Payzin-Dogru, Sevara Bryant, Aaron Gabriel W. Sandoval, Jose Martinez Fernandez, Rachelle Mariano, Rachel Oshiro, Alan Y. Wong, Nicholas D. Leigh, Kimberly Johnson, Jessica L. Whited. 2017

Skin Wound Healing in Axolotls: A Scarless Process

Mathieu Levesque, Eric Villiard, Stephane Roy. 2010

A Brief History of the Study of Nerve Dependent Regeneration

Johanna E. Farkas & James R. Monaghan. 2017

Lens Regeneration in Axolotl: New Evidence of Developmental Plasticity

Rinako Suetsugu-Maki, Nobuyasu Maki, Kenta Nakamura, Saulius Sumanas, Jie Zhu, Katia Del Rio-Tsonis & Panagiotis A Tsonis. 2012

Dynamics of Cell Proportions in Axolotl’s Brain During Development and Regeneration

Gómez-Morales Iveth, Adriana P. Mendizabal-Ruiz, Flor Rodríguez-Gómez, J. Alejandro Morales-Valencia, Teresa Romero-Gutiérrez. 2025

Positional Information Is Reprogrammed in Blastema Cells of the Regenerating Limb of the Axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum)

Catherine D. McCusker & David M. Gardiner. 2013

FGF, BMP, and RA Signaling are Sufficient for the Induction of Complete Limb Regeneration from Non-regenerating Wounds on Ambystoma mexicanum Limbs

Warren A. Vieira, Kaylee M. Wells, Michael J. Raymond, Larissa De Souza, Erik Garcia, Catherine D. McCusker. 2019

Neural Regulation in Tooth Regeneration of Ambystoma mexicanum

Aki Makanae, Yuki Tajika, Koki Nishimura, Nanami Saito, Jun-ichi Tanaka & Akira Satoh. 2020

Systemic Cell Cycle Activation is Induced Following Complex Tissue Injury in Axolotl

Kimberly Johnson, Joel Bateman, Tia DiTommaso, Alan Y. Wong, Jessica L. Whited. 2018

Is Salamander Hindlimb Regeneration Similar to That of the Forelimb? Anatomical and Morphogenic Analysis of Hindlimb Muscle Regeneration in GFP-Transgenic Axolotls as a Basis for Regenerative and Developmental Studies

R. Diogo, P. Murawala, E. M. Tanaka. 2013

Diseases and Disorders

A Retrospective Study of Diseases in Ambystoma mexicanum: a Report of 97 Cases

Yoshinori Takami, Yumi Une. 2017

Effects of Emerging Infectious Diseases on Amphibians: A Review of Experimental Studies

Andrew R. Blaustein, Jenny Urbina, Paul W. Snyder, Emily Reynolds,Trang Dang, Jason T. Hoverman, Barbara Han, Deanna H. Olson, Catherine Searle, Natalie M. Hambalek. 2018

Ecology and Pathology of Amphibian Ranaviruses

Matthew J. Gray, Debra L. Miller, Jason T. Hoverman. 2009

Husbandry of the Axolotl (Ambystoma maculatum): Successful Treatment of a Case of Constipation

Gabriele Achille, Andrea Marchegiani, Maria Luisa Magnoni & Alessandro Blasetti. 2016

Clinical Approach to Dermatologic Disease in Exotic Animals

Brian S. Palmeiro & Helen Roberts. 2013

Saprolegniosis in Amphibians: An Integrated Overview of a Fluffy Killer Disease

Sara Costa & Isabel Lopes. 2022

The Short Toes Mutation of the Axolotl

Kazuna Sato, Ellen A. G. Chernoff. 2007

Evaluation of the Anesthetic Effects of MS222 in the Adult Mexican Axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum)

Chiara Zullian, Aurore Dodelet-Devillers, Stephane Roy, Pascal Vachon. 2016

Diseases of Amphibians

Christine L. Densmore, David Earl Green. 2007

Approaches to Axolotl Gastrotomy

Brigitte Lord. 2011

Effects of the Pathogenic Water Mold Saprolegnia ferax on Survival of Amphibian Larvae

John M. Romansic, Kristin A. Diez, Elise M. Higashi, James E. Johnson, Andrew R. Blaustein. 2009

Management of Hydrocoelom in an Axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum)

Şeyma Sueda Cirit, Şinasi Borgahan Deniz, Burhan Cirit, Abdulahad Bayraktar. 2025

Common Disease Conditions in Axolotls

R. Loh. 2015

Diagnosis: Ranavirus Infection

James K. Jancovich, Sandra Borland, Meg Newberry, Jill Gresens, Elizabeth W Davidson. 2003

Age- and Dose-dependent Susceptibility of Axolotls (Ambystoma mexicanum) by Bath Exposure to Ambystoma tigrinum virus (ATV)

Riley Steel, Michelle Hamed, Josefine T. Haugom, Trang Ho, Nathaniel Kenner, Joanna Malfavon-Borja, Scott Morgans, Savannah A. Salek, Allen Seylani, James K. Jancovich. 2023

Major Emerging Fungal Diseases of Reptiles and Amphibians

Lionel Schilliger, Clément Paillusseau, Camille François, Jesse Bonwitt. 2023

Uncharted Diversity and Ecology of Saprolegniaceae (Oomycota) in Freshwater Environments

Bora Nam, Thuong T. T. Nguyen, Hyang Burm Lee, Sang Kyu Park & Young-Joon Choi. 2022

Identification of Enterobacteriaceae Causing Septicemia in the Axolotl Ambystoma mexicanum

Osvaldo Lopez Diaz, Antonio Buendia, Joaquín Sánchez, Guiehdani Villalobos, Nora Rojas‑Serrania, José Antonio Ocampo Cervantes, Fernando Uranga‑Muñoz, Fernando Martinez‑Hernandez, Emilio Rendón‑Franco, Claudia Irais Muñoz‑García. 2025

Amphibians and Other Ambystoma Salamanders

The Multifaceted Importance of Amphibians: Ecological, Biomedical, and Socio-Economic Perspectives

Buddhika Wickramasingha, Josh West, Bellanthudawage Kushan Aravinda Bellanthudawa, Michael P. Graziano, & Thilina D. Surasinghe. 2026

The Amphibian Major Histocompatibility Complex—A Review and Future Outlook

Joana Sabino-Pinto & Martine E. Maan. 2025

Salamander Limb Development: Integrating Genes, Morphology, and Fossils

Nadia B. Fröbisch, Neil H. Shubin. 2011

Evidence of Oxidative Stress as a Mechanism of Pharmaceutical-Induced Toxicity in Amphibians

Jesús Daniel Cardoso-Vera, Hariz Islas-Flores, Itzayana Pérez-Alvarez, Nidya Díaz-Camal. 2024

Important Clinical Aspects of Amphibian Physiology

Kevin Wright. 2006

Spontaneous Metamorphosis of the American Axolotl

W. W. Swingle. 1922

Comparative Analysis of Amphibian Genomes: An Emerging Resource for Basic and Applied Research

Tiffany A. Kosch, Andrew J. Crawford, Rachel Lockridge Mueller, Katharina C. Wollenberg Valero, Megan L. Power, Ariel Rodríguez, Lauren A. O'Connell, Neil D. Young, Lee F. Skerratt. 2024